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GrainGenes Marker Report: Vrn4 (Triticum)

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Gene	Vrn4 (Triticum)
Gene Class	Response to vernalization (Triticum)
Allele	Vrn4 (Triticum) vrn4 (Triticum)
Reference	Yoshida T et al. (2010) Vrn-D4 is a vernalization gene located on the centromeric region of chromosome 5D in hexaploid wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 120:543-552. [ Show all 8 ]
URL	Vrn4 gene at Komugi: Catalogue of Gene Symbols for Wheat
Chromosome	5B Maistrenko OI (1980) Cytogenetic study of the growth habit and ear-emergence time in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Well-being of Mankind and Genetics: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Genetics 267-282.
Germplasm	Hexaploid stock Gabo Pugsley AT (1973) Control of developmental patterns in wheat through breeding. Proceedings of the 4th International Wheat Genetics Symposium 857-859. [ Show all 7 ]
Comment	[ Hide all but 1 of 8 ] Stelmakh (1987) doubted the existence of Vrn4 and attributed misinterpretation to mixed genotypes and other causes. Eight land races with only Vrn4 were detected in (Iwaki et al., 2001); others combined Vrn4 with other Vrn genes. Mapping information: Xgdm3-5D - 11.5 & 4.5 cM - Vrn4 (Kato, 2003). Goncharov (2003) confirmed the existence of Vrn4 but failed to confirm its location on chromosome 5D. Vrn4 was mapped on the centromeric region of 5D, in a 1.8 cM interval flanked by markers Xcfd78-5D and Xbarc205-5D (Yoshida et al., 2010) Incorrect TDF seed stocks generated confusion about Vrn-D4 existence (Yoshida et al., 2010). References to additional studies are given in (Stelmakh, 1987). The Vrn-D4 allele for early flowering was originally identified in the Australian cultivar Gabo (Knott, 1959) and was backcrossed into Triple Dirk to develop the isogenic line TDF (Pugsley, 1972). This locus was mapped on the centromeric region of chromosome 5D between markers Xcfd78 and Xbarc205 (Yoshida et al, 2010). Natural variation for flowering time at the centrometric region of homoeologous group 5 chromosomes has been found, so far, only in the D genome. Incorrect TDF seed stocks generated initial confusion about the existence of Vrn-D4 but molecular markers are now available to separate the incorrect stocks (Yoshida et al., 2010).Using genetic analyses, Iwaki et al. (2001) found the Vrn-D4 allele for spring growth habit occurred with a higher frequency in India and neighboring regions.
Info Source	McIntosh RA et al. (1995) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. Proceedings of the 8th International Wheat Genetics Symposium 1333-1500.
Data Curator	Cooper, Laurel Nov-2020 Hart, Gary E. 96.03.24

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