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GrainGenes Reference Report: XCD-83

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Reference	XCD-83
Title	Common Diseases of Small Grain Cereals: A Guide to Identification
Publisher	Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo
Year	1983
Author	Zillinsky FJ
Type	Book
Language	English
Image	[ Hide all but 1 of 324 ] A barley plant showing symptoms of sclerotium wilt... A barley spike displaying the black spore masses... A barley spike with black loose smut... A barley spike with covered smut,... A barley spike with loose smut,... A close look at S. passerinii... A closer look at a single sporodocium of F. nivali.... A closer view of a fruiting structure of F. equiseti... A closer view of a fruiting... A closer view of a perithecium... A closer view of a seed gall... A closer view of a sporodochium... A closer view of the acervuli... A closer view of the long, dark spines... A closer view of the perithecia of C. nivalis.... A closer view of the symptoms...of African cereal streak. A closer view of young sclerotia... A cluster of conidiophores of Cladosporium species... A colony of perithecia of Pleospora... A comparison of seed galls... A comparison of the effects of European wheat striate mosaic... A comparison: normal wheat kernels;... A conidium of Cercospora apii. A dark elongated cercospora... A dense, sporulating colony... A leafhopper nymph of the genus Cicadulina (50x). A lesion typical of...Cercospora apii A mature perithecium of O. graminis... A mild form of hybrid necrosis... A patch of spring wheat... A sample of damaged triticale grain,... A single pycnidium releasing conidia of S. avenae (10 x 10). A typical eyespot lesion... A wheat head with the sclerotia... A wheat leaf showing symptoms... A wheat spike, normal seed and the seed galls... A wheat test plot showing susceptability... A winged adult Russian grain aphid... Acid soils can drastically retard... Advanced symptoms of barley stripe.... Advanced symptoms of eyespot... Advanced symptoms of net blotch... Advanced symptoms of septoria... Advanced symptoms of speckled leaf blotch.. Advanced symptoms of zonate eyespot... Aecia developing on an alternate host... An early scald lesion... An example of chromosomal instability... Aphid vectors of Free State streak... As the lesions of halo blight of oats age,... Asci and ascospores of Phaeosphaeria avenaria,... Asci containing ascospores of C. nivalis,... Asci containing ascospores of P. tritici-repentis.... Ascospores of Gibberella zeae (10x40). Ascospores of O. graminis (10x40). Ascospores of P. nodorum (10x40). Ascospores of Pleospora species... Bacterial stipe on barley leaves... Bacterial stripe blight lesions... Barley seedlings infected by H. sativum.... Barley spikes affected by aster yellows... Black fruiting structures (acervuli)... Black pycnidia of D. filum... Blast in oats (right)... Brittle rachis, resulting in shattering... Brown necrosis on wheat spikelets... Cereal leaf beetle larvae spray their backs... Cereal leaf beetle larvae... Clay tunnels built by termites... Cleistothecia of E. graminis... Cloudy, yellowish bacterial exudate,... Clusters of dark conidiophores... Compare the typical symptoms of black chaff...with...glume blotch... Conidia and dark conidiophores... Conidia of (wild) saprophytic Alternaria species (10x40). Conidia of Ascochyta graminicola (10x40). Conidia of C. gramineum (10x40). Conidia of Cladosporium species (10x40).... Conidia of D. filum (10x40). Conidia of E. graminis (10x40). Conidia of Epicoccum nigrum (10x40). Conidia of F. avenaceum (10x40). Conidia of F. culmorum (10x40). Conidia of F. equiseti (10x40). Conidia of F. graminearium (10x40). Conidia of F. graminearum (10x40). Conidia of F. nivale (10x40). Conidia of H. avenae (10x40). Conidia of H. avenae.... Conidia of H. giganteum-the long, cylindrical,... Conidia of H. gramineum (10x40). Conidia of H. sativum (10x40). Conidia of H. sativum... Conidia of H. spiciferum (10x40). Conidia of H. tritici-repentis (10x40). Conidia of H. tritici-repentis... Conidia of P. vermiformis (10x40). Conidia of Phaeoseptoria vermiformis (10x40). Conidia of Rhyncosporium secalis (10x40). Conidia of S. avenae (10x40). Conidia of S. nodorum (10x40). Conidia of S. passerini (10x40). Conidia of S. tritici (10x40). Conidia of S. tritici... Conidia of Stemphylium botryosum (10x40). Conidial development of F. avenaceum... Conidial development of F. equiseti... Conidial development of head scab... Conidiophores of Alternaria species (50x). Conidiophores of H. sativum... Corn leaf aphids on a barley leaf... Damage caused by Hessian fly larvae. Damage typical of that caused by birds.... Damaged spikes, broken stems and split leaves... Dark mycelial strands and perithecial initials of O. graminis... Dark mycelial strands and perithecial initials... Dark, thick-walled conidia of Torula... Dense clusters of the fruiting structures... Differing reactions of wheat... Distinctive black teliospores of Tilletia indica (10 x 40). Distinctive zonate eyespot lesion... Distorted flag leaves and...sticky exudate... Distorted wheat nodes infested with nematodes. Distorted, chlorotic barley spikes... Downy mildew developing on spring wheat... Droplets of bacterial exudate... Durum wheat nursery plots... Durum wheat spikes with head scab... Dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia controversa,... Dwarfing that is characteristic of African cereal streak... Early leaf symptoms of scald... Early leaf-spotting symptoms... Early symptoms of barley stripe,... Early symptoms of fusarium leaf blotch... Early symptoms of septoria leaf blotch... Early symptoms of water logging... Early symtoms of net blotch... Ergot bodies (sclerotia) of Claviceps purpurea.... Eyespot lesion typical of...Psuedocercosporella herpotrichoides... Eyespot lesions occur at or near the soil line... Fleshy, distorted and sterile wheat spikes... Foot rot symptoms of take-all... Frost damage on wheat leaves... Fruiting structures (conidial masses and aerial mycelium)... Fruiting structures of Cladosporium species (50x).... Fruiting structures typical of...Colletotrichum graminicola. Fusarium head scab is easily recognized... General chlorosis and yellowing... Grain weevils taken from infested triticale seed. Grasshopper feeding on a durum wheat spike... Greenbugs (Schizaphis graminis) act as vectors... Greenbugs on a triticale leaf.... Grey blotch on wheat,... Greyish conidia of C. graminis... Heavy infection of stem rust on triticale.... Helminthosporium giganteum... Honeydew being exuded from...a barley spike... Hyphae of Erysiphe graminis on rye. Immature asci are released... It is the dark pycnidia of S. tritici that gives... Large-spored variants of Ascochyta graminicola... Larger conidia of Alternaria triticina (10x40)... Later symptoms of wheat striate mosaic... Leaf blight on wheat,... Leaf blotch of oats, caused by... Leaf enations and distortions... Leaf necrosis caused by drought,... Leaf symptoms of agropyron mosaic... Leaf symptoms of rye grass mosaic... Leaf symptoms of three different mite-transmitted... Leaf symptoms of wheat spindle streak mosaic,... Leaf symptoms of wheat spot mosaic... Leaf symptoms of wheat streak mosaic... Leaf symptoms produced on wheat by European wheat striate mosaic... Leaf symptoms typical of those... Leaf-striping symptoms of cephalosporium stripe... Leaves and spike of wheat with African cereal streak.... Lesion on a wheat leaf... Lesions typical of those produced on wheat... Lower culms and roots... More advanced leaf spotting... Nematodes are small transparent worms... Oat panicles with covered smut,... Oat spikes with two kinds of smut... Older lesions produced by Rhynchosporium secalis... Oospores of Sclerophthora macrospora... Perithecia of Calonectria nivalis... Perithecia of Gibberella zeae... Perithecia of Phaeosphaeria nodorum... Perithecia of Pleospora species... Perithecia of Pyrenophora triciti-repentis... Phaeoseptoria leaf blotch symptoms... Phoma species developing on leaves... Physiological leaf spots on barley leaves. Pinkish cirrhi of S. nodorum... Pinkish-colored sporodochia of F. nivali... Poor drainage can result in a build-up... Powdery mildew on wheat,... Preharvest sprouting in triticale spikes. Pupae of Hessian flies in wheat... Relatively large, black pycnidia of P. vermiformis.... Rye spikes infected by F. avenaceum. Sawfly larvae in a wheat stem... Scald lesions merge and... Sclerotia of S. rolfsii are sometimes... Sclerotia of S. rolfsii turn brown... Seed galls are filled with dormant nematodes... Septoria black stem on oats... Several aphid species serve as common vectors... Severe dwarfing, sterility and...discoloration... Shrivelled, nonviable triticale seed,... Somewhat different conidia of S. passerinii... Sooty mold spikes Speckled leaf blotch on wheat... Spherical sclerotia and white mycelia... Spikelet deformation in wheat... Sporodochia of C. gramineum... Sporodochia of Cephalosporium gramineum. Sporodochia of Epicoccum nigrum... Sporulation of H. avenae... Sporulation of H. giganteum on wheat.... Sporulation of H. gramineum...barley leaf... Sporulation of H. spiciferum... Sporulation on H. sativum... Spot blotch lesions on a durum wheat leaf,... Stem rust uredia Stems, spike, and grain of wheat... Sterility of the upper portions of wheat spikes,... Streaking, general chlorosis and yellowing... Stripe rust infection types Stromata developing from an ergot sclerotium... Stunting and excessive tillering... Symptoms of a root knot nematode... Symptoms of ascochyta leaf spot... Symptoms of black chaff,... Symptoms of black chaff... Symptoms of copper deficiency in wheat.... Symptoms of ergot: honeydew and sclerotia... Symptoms of glume blotch,... Symptoms of glume blotch... Symptoms of manganese deficiency... Symptoms of nitrogen deficiency... Symptoms typical of basal glume rot,... Symptoms typical of...Sclerophthora macrospora. Teliospores of P. coronata... Teliospores of P. Graminis... Teliospores of P. recondita. Teliospores of T. caries (10x40). Teliospores of T. foetida (10x40). Teliospores of Tilletia indica (10x40). Teliospores of U. hordei... Teliospores of U. nuda (10x40). Teliospores of U. nuda germinating... Teliospores of Urocystis agropyri.... Teliospores typical of Tilletia species (10x40). Teliospores typical of Urocystis species (10x40). Teliospores typical of Ustilago species (10x40). Test plots in phosphorous deficient soil. The leafhopper, Endria inimica,... The leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons,... The lesions caused by P. coronafaciens... The lesions of fusarium leaf blotch... The nearly colorless conidia and dark conidiophores of... The planthopper, Javesella pellucida,... The pycnidia of Phoma species often develop... The pycnidia of Phoma species... The soil inhabiting fungus, Polymyxa graminis,... The staining caused by P. atrofaciens... The superficial mycelium and fruiting structures... Thrips on barley (photo: S. Fuentes). Triticale infected by Sclerophthora macrospora... Two conidiophores of Cladosporium species... Two perithecia and the asci... Two pycnidia of Phoma species... Two wheat spikes with common bunt... Typical conidia of S. passerinii (10x40). Typical damage (feeding pattern) of cereal leaf beetle... Typical early lesion of halo blight... Typical leaf blotch symptoms on barley,... Typical leaf symptoms of glume blotch... Typical leaf symptoms of wheat striate... Typical leaf-spotting symptoms... Typical sooty mold on wheat spikes... Typical spot blotch lesions... Typical symptoms of cereal leaf blotch... Typical symptoms of speckled leaf blotch... Typical yellow leaf blotch... Under moist conditions, white to buff-colored cirrhi... Unicellular conidia of Phoma glomerata (10x40). Uredia of P. coronata on an oat leaf. Uredia of P. graminis.... Uredia of P. hordei... Uredia of P. recondita on a wheat leaf. Uredia of P. striiformis on a wheat leaf.... Uredia of P. striiformis on wheat florets... Uredia of stem rust...on wheat... Urediospores of P. coronata (10x40). Urediospores of P. coronata... Urediospores of P. graminis... Urediospores of P. hordei... Urediospores of P. recondita... Urediospores of P. striiformis (10x40). Urediospores of P. striiformis... Variants of Ascochyta graminicola... What remains of a barley spike... Wheat curl mites (Aceria tulipae)... Wheat kernels with karnal bunt.... Wheat leaves with flag smut,... Wheat plants affected by flag smut... Wheat plants with downy mildew... Wheat roots infested with oat cyst nematodes.... Wheat soil-borne mosaic... Wheat spike with karnal bunt,... Wheat spikelets covered with the pycnidia... Wheat spikes and grain... Wheat spikes stressed by severe drought,... Wheat spikes with bunt... Whitish to light grey cirrhi... Winter wheat suffering from snow mold... Xanthomonas translucens on a barley leaf.... Yellowing and leaf necrosis in wheat,... Yellowish red lesion on an oat leaf,... Young Russian grain aphids (D. noxia). Young sclerotia and white mycelia...

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