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GrainGenes Reference Report: CRS-41-628

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Reference	CRS-41-628
Title	Transgenic approaches to combat fusarium head blight in wheat and barley
Journal	Crop Science
Year	2001
Volume	41
Pages	628-637
Author	Dahleen LS Okubara PA Blechl AE
Abstract	Summary: Fusarium head blight (FHB) and contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by the primary pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.)] have caused devastating losses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.Husr.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growers across the USA since the early 1990s. Evaluation of barley, wheat, and related germplasm yielded only a few accessions with partial resistance. This resistance appears, in most cases, to be under polygenic control, making the development of resistant cultivars with suitable agronomic and quality traits a challenge. The insertion of individual antifungal and antitoxin genes via genetic transformation has the potential to aid in development of resistant wheat and barley cultivars. Although wheat and barley transformation has been achieved in several laboratories, the development of a high throughput wheat and barley transformation systems has been slowed by genotype effects on plant regeneration, low transformation efficiencies, somaclonal variation, and problems with transgene inheritance and stability of expression. Among the antifungal genes targeted to combat FHB are coding sequences for proteins that degrade fungal cell walls, disorganize fungal membranes, bolster the host defense response systems, and interfere with fungal protein synthesis, pathogenesis, and/or accumulation of DON. Promoter sequences have been selected that confer high levels of expression to the antifungal constructs, particularly in the spike tissues which are susceptible to FHB. As more antifungal genes are inserted into wheat and barley, field and greenhouse evaluation will show whether transgenes achieve their potential in the fight against FHB
Keyword	[ Hide all but 1 of 74 ] accessions antifungal antifungal activity barley barley cultivars barley transformation blight cell cell wall contamination cultivar cultured immature embryos defense deoxynivalenol don durum field fungal fusarium fusarium graminearum fusarium head blight gene genetic transformation genotype germplasm gibberella gibberella zeae graminearum head blight hordeum hordeum vulgare host host defense host defense response inheritance insertion membrane microprojectile bombardment partial resistance particle bombardment pathogen pathogenesis pathogenesis-related protein plant regeneration polygenic promoter promoter sequence protein protein synthesis quality quality traits regeneration resistance resistant review sequence somaclonal variation spike stability synthesis system systemic acquired-resistance thaumatin-like proteins tissue trait transformation transgene transgene inheritance transgenic triticum triticum aestivum triticum turgidum turgidum wall

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