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GrainGenes Allele Report: Vrn-D1a (Triticum)

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Allele	Vrn-D1a (Triticum)
Reference	Zhang J et al. (2012) A single nucleotide polymorphism at the Vrn-D1 promoter region in common wheat is associated with vernalization response. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125:1697-1704. Takumi S et al. (2011) Identification of a large deletion in the first intron of the Vrn-D1 locus, associated with loss of vernalization requirement in wild wheat progenitor Aegilops tauschii Coss. Genes & Genetic Systems 86:183-195. Fu D et al. (2005) Large deletions within the first intron in VRN-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 273:54-65.
Gene Class	Response to vernalization (Triticum) Time to flowering
Gene	Vrn-D1 (Triticum)
Germplasm	Hexaploid stock Chinese Spring Pugsley AT (1972) Additional genes inhibiting winter habit in wheat. Euphytica 21:547-552. [ Show all 14 ]
Comment	All the common wheat genotypes carrying Vrn-D1a studied so far have a 6.8 kb deletion in intron 1 (Triple Dirk E, Chinese Spring, Norin 61, Shinchunaga, Shirasagi Komugi, Ushio Komugi) relative to Vrn-D1 (Fu et al., 2005). Nine spring habit Ae. tauschii accessions from Pakistan and Afghanistan shared a 5,437 bp deletion in the first intron of Vrn1-Dt1; the deletion resulted in a more abundant WFT transcript (Takumi et al., 2011). Wheat lines identified as having genotype vrn-A1, vrn-B1 Vrn-D1, vrn-2, vrn-3 were subdivided into spring and facultative types based on a 110 day non-vernalization flowering test. Relative to Vrn-D1a, Vrn-D1b has a SNP located 161 bp upstream from the ATG initiation site; cytidylic acid is replaced by aenylic acid. The SNP is in the CArG box, a recognition site for MADS-box proteins (Zhang et al., 2012). In qRT-PCR analyses expression of Vrn-D1b was reduced relative to Vrn-D1a. A molecular marker was developed to distinguish the alleles (Zhang et al., 2012).
Phenotype	Spring habit
Probe	TraesCS5D02G401500 Vrn-D1-D1a_A
URL	Vrn-D1a allele at Komugi: Catalogue of Gene Symbols for Wheat
Data Curator	Cooper, Laurel Jan-2021

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