Minnesota
Barley Rusts in the United States in
2008
D.L.
Long1, M.E. Hughes1, Y. Jin1,J.
A. Kolmer1,
L.A. Wanschura1 and B.J. Steffenson2.
1Cereal
Disease Laboratory, USDA-ARS and 2Department of Plant Pathology,
University of Minnesota
Barley
stem rust. On July 14, a single plant of ‘Bailey’ spring
barley was found infected with stem rust in the nursery at Ithaca, New
York. Race identification suggested that
the stem rust infection on barley at Ithaca was not due to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. On July 14, heavy levels of stem rust were
found on winter barley in the Brookings, South Dakota nursery. Moderate levels of stem rust were found on
susceptible spring barleys at Rosemount, Minnesota on July 16. During the week of July 21 at Waseca, Lamberton and Morris experiment stations in Minnesota, low
levels of barley stem rust were found on the susceptible 2-rowed cultivar Hypana. Barley stem
rust samples from South Dakota and Minnesota were identified as race QFCS.
Barley leaf rust. On May 21, severe
barley leaf rust was found in north central Virginia plots. In late May, severe barley leaf rust was
found in southeastern Pennsylvania. In
mid-June, high levels of barley leaf rust were found at Cumberland,
Pennsylvania.
In late June, traces of barley leaf
rust were found in plots in west central Minnesota. On July 10, low levels of leaf rust were
detected in a six-row barley field in Griggs County in east central North
Dakota. On July 22, low
levels of leaf rust were found in late-planted barley fields in east central
South Dakota and southwest Minnesota.
In mid-May, leaf rust was moderate in
barley plots near Fresno, California.
Stripe rust on barley. In the second week in April, stripe rust
infection levels ranged from trace amounts to 80% severity in the Barley CAP
screening nursery at the University of California-Davis Agronomy Farm. In mid-May, stripe rust was found on wild
barley along the roadside in Merced and Yolo, counties in California. Many entries in the barley stripe rust screening
nurseries at the UC Davis Agronomy Farm had final disease severities of
60-100%. In mid April, 5-20% stripe rust
severities were recorded on susceptible winter barley entries in experimental
plots at Mount Vernon, in northwestern Washington. In early July, stripe rust reached 100%
severity on susceptible spring barley entries at the same location. In
early July, low levels of stripe rust were found on susceptible barley entries
and the rust reached 60% severities in eastern Washington nurseries.
In early June, barley stripe rust was
found in experimental plots near Corvalis, in western
Oregon. In northeastern Oregon, up to
60% stripe rust severities were observed on susceptible barley entries in the
Hermiston Experiment Station. Barley
stripe rust was basically absent in commercial fields in the eastern Pacific
Northwest.
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Table 1. Estimated losses in barley due to
rusts in 2008 in U.S. |
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Losses due to: |
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1,000 |
Yields in |
Production |
Stem Rust |
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Leaf Rust |
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Stripe Rust |
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acres |
bushels |
in 1,000 |
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1,000 |
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|
1,000 |
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1,000 |
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State |
harvest |
per acre |
of bushels |
Percent |
bushels |
|
Percent |
bushels |
|
Percent |
bushels |
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AZ |
40 |
120.0 |
4,800 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.000 |
0.0 |
|||
|
CA |
55 |
55.0 |
3,025 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T* |
T |
|||
|
CO |
72 |
120.0 |
8,640 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.000 |
0.0 |
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|
DE |
22 |
80.0 |
1,760 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
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ID |
580 |
86.0 |
49,880 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|||
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KS |
10 |
37.0 |
370 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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KY |
7 |
88.0 |
616 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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ME |
19 |
55.0 |
1,045 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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MD |
35 |
90.0 |
3,150 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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MI |
10 |
46.0 |
460 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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MN |
110 |
65.0 |
7,150 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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T |
T |
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MT |
740 |
51.0 |
37,740 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.000 |
0.0 |
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NE |
1 |
100.0 |
100 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
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NJ |
2 |
71.0 |
142 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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NY |
9 |
52.0 |
468 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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NC |
14 |
71.0 |
994 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
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ND |
1,540 |
56.0 |
86,240 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
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OH |
5 |
72.0 |
360 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
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OR |
45 |
50.0 |
2,250 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
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PA |
55 |
75.0 |
4,125 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
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0.0 |
0.0 |
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SD |
43 |
41.0 |
1,763 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
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UT |
27 |
85.0 |
2,295 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
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VA |
36 |
85.0 |
3,060 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
|
|
|
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WA |
185 |
57.0 |
10,545 |
T |
T |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.050 |
10.6 |
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WI |
30 |
54.0 |
1,620 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
T |
T |
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WY |
75 |
92.0 |
6,900 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
0.000 |
0.0 |
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U.S. Total |
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3,767 |
63.6 |
239,498 |
|
T |
|
|
T |
|
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10.6 |
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U.S. % Loss |
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T |
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|
T |
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0.004 |
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*T = Trace |
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