GA response in semidwarf barley

GA response in semidwarf barley
A. Börner
Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstraße 3
06466 Gatersleben, Germany

In relation to their response to exogenously applied gibberellins dwarf mutants of several species can be divided into GA sensitive mutants (Synthesis mutants), where the absence or modified spectrum of endogenous gibberellins result in dwarf plants and GA insensitive mutants, which show a reduced response or complete insensitivity to applied GA (Reid, 1986). In contrast to wheat and rye, where several results about the genetics of the GA response are published (Reviews see Gale and Youssefian, 1985 or Börner et al., 1996), little information is available for barley. In previous experiments Stoy and Hagberg (1958, 1967) studied barley erectoides dwarfs, which were found to be GA sensitive, except for one mutant that showed a slightly negative effect of the phytohormone on stem length. Further GA insensitive dwarfs were identified by Favret et al. (1975) or Boulger et al. (1981). More recently a list was published by Franckoviak and Pecio (1992, BGN 21:116-127) collecting data on elongation of the coleoptile and subcrown internode of seedlings with or without GA\3 application.

In order to compare those results with the GA insensitivity known in wheat, 25 semidwarf barley mutants, described as being GA insensitive (Franckoviak and Pecio, 1992, BGN 21:116-127) and twelve parental lines were tested together with a set of three GA insensitive isogenic Rht lines of the GA sensitive wheat variety 'Bersee', 'Bersee' itself and two further barleys ('Monte Cristo', GA sensitive and 'Hv287', a GA insensitive mutant of 'Monte Cristo' (Favret et al. 1975)). The barley stocks were kindly provided by J. E. Flintham, JIC, Norwich, UK; G. Künzel, IPK, Gatersleben, Germany; S. Ullrich, Washington State University, Pullman, USA; K. Sato, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan; H. E. B. Larson, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; U. Lundqvist, Svalöv Weibull AB, Svalöv, Sweden and R. I. Wolfe, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Canada (Table 1). The GA\3 test was applied as described for wheat by Börner et al. (1987). Seedlings were treated with 10 ppm GA\3 and grown at 20° C until the three leaf stage, when the distance between the stem base and the end of the second leaf sheath was measured. Usually 15 seedlings per genotype were scored along with 10 control plants, that were grown under the same conditions but omitting GA\3.

The results are shown in table 1. Whereas the three isogenic wheat Rht-lines and the barley 'Hv287' did not respond to the GA treatment, all the other tested genotypes showed significant differences to the untreated controls (U-test). The response (elongation in percent of untreated control) of the tested mutants was both higher and in some cases slightly lower compared to that of the wild type (parental line). A complete insensitivity was not found, indicating differences in the expression of the GA\3 insensitivity of the Rht mutants of wheat and 'Hv287' in comparison to all the other semidwarf barleys tested in the present experiment. Although the phenotypic expression of 'Hv287' and the isogenic Rht lines of wheat are very similar, genetical studies revealed, however, that both the chromosomal location and the inheritance of the GA insensitivity of 'Hv287' is not as would be expected from wheat (Börner and Korzun, 1996).

References:

Börner, A. and V. Korzun. 1996. Genetical studies of two barley mutants di ffering in their GA response. BGN:25

Börner, A., Chr.O. Lehmann and D. Mettin. 1987. Preliminary results of a screening for GA\3 response in wheats of the Gatersleben gene bank. Kulturpflanze 35:179-186.

Börner, A., J. Plaschke, V. Korzun and A.J. Worland. 1996. The relationships between dwarfing genes of wheat and rye. Euphytica, in press.

Boulger, M.C., R.G. Sears and W.E. Kronstad.1981. An investigation of the association between dwarfing sources and gibberellic acid response in barley. Barley Genet. IV:550-553.

Favret, E.A, G.C. Favret and E.M. Malvarez. 1975. Genetic regulatory mechanisms for seedling growth in barley. Barley Genet. III:37-42.

Franckoviak, J.D. and A. Pecio. 1992. Coordinator's report: Semidwarf genes: A listing of genetic stocks. BGN 21:116-127.

Gale, M.D. and S. Youssefian. 1985. Dwarfing genes in wheat 1. In: G.E. Russell (Ed.), Progress in Plant Breeding. Butterworths and Co., London, 1-35.

Reid, J.B. 1986. Gibberellin mutants. In: A. D. Blonstein, P. J. King (Eds.), Plant Gene Research - A Genetic Approach to Plant Biochemistry. Springer Verlag, Wien, New York, 1-34.

Stoy,V. and A. Hagberg. 1958. Effects of gibberellic acid on erectoides mutations in barley. Hereditas 44:516-522.

Stoy, V. and A. Hagberg. 1967. Effects of growth regulators on ear density mutants in barley. Hereditas 58:359-384.

Table 1. The effect of GA\3 on the elongation of seedlings of semidwarf mutants and their parental lines

Parental line/ Shoot length Elongation Donor or Semidwarf in mm Control in percent Source stock GA treatment untreated of control _______________________________________________________________ Bersee 155 91 170 Bersee iso Rht1 72 71 99 Bersee iso Rht2 70 71 101 Bersee iso Rht3 30 29 103 _______________________________________________________________ Monte Cristo 148 92 161 Hv287 41 42 98 =============================================================== Donaria 147 94 156 G. Künzel Mut. 2654 116 84 138 G. Künzel _______________________________________________________________ Haisa 122 89 137 G. Künzel Mut. 4014 96 82 117 G. Künzel _______________________________________________________________ Saale 139 100 139 G. Künzel Mut. 4841 104 83 125 G. Künzel _______________________________________________________________ Advance 147 92 160 S. Ullrich Wa11081-81 (A1) 116 82 141 S. Ullrich _______________________________________________________________ Morex 10 92 163 S. Ullrich Wa11094-81 (Mol) 105 73 144 S. Ullrich _______________________________________________________________ Hazen 144 79 182 S. Ullrich Wa16228-85 102 85 120 S. Ullrich _______________________________________________________________ Akashiniriki 102 65 157 K. Sato OUM 131 44 25 176 K. Sato OUM 148 89 38 234 K. Sato _______________________________________________________________ Kogenmugi 124 73 170 K. Sato OUM 309 113 55 205 K. Sato _______________________________________________________________ Bonus 184 90 204 H.E.B. Larsson lax-82 139 76 183 H.E.B. Larsson _______________________________________________________________ Foma 174 72 242 H.E.B. Larsson lax-237 158 76 208 H.E.B. Larsson _______________________________________________________________ Gull 152 65 234 U. Lundqvist ert-a^6 110 64 172 U. Lundqvist _______________________________________________________________ Bonus 184 90 204 U. Lundqvist ert-i^27 93 29 321 U. Lundqvist ert-ii^79 62 39 159 U. Lundqvist ert-j^31 111 52 213 U. Lundqvist ert-m^34 90 59 153 U. Lundqvist ert-p^44 138 45 307 U. Lundqvist ert-t^55 42 24 175 U. Lundqvist ert-u^56 86 42 205 U. Lundqvist ari-i^38 96 42 229 U. Lundqvist ari-l^3 85 51 167 U. Lundqvist ari-o^40 58 40 145 U. Lundqvist _______________________________________________________________ Master Dominant +) 141 86 164 R.I. Wolfe Z 93096-1 +) 93 49 190 R.I. Wolfe Z 93103 +) 84 51 165 R.I. Wolfe Z 93 108-1 +) 87 45 193 R.I. Wolfe _______________________________________________________________

Parental line/ Shoot length               Elongation   Donor or
Semidwarf         in mm        Control    in percent   Source
stock          GA treatment    untreated  of control
_______________________________________________________________
Bersee             155          91         170
Bersee iso Rht1     72          71          99
Bersee iso Rht2     70          71         101
Bersee iso Rht3     30          29         103
_______________________________________________________________
Monte Cristo       148          92         161
Hv287               41          42          98
===============================================================
Donaria            147          94         156   G. Künzel
Mut. 2654          116          84         138   G. Künzel
_______________________________________________________________
Haisa              122          89         137   G. Künzel
Mut. 4014           96          82         117   G. Künzel
_______________________________________________________________
Saale              139         100         139   G. Künzel
Mut. 4841          104          83         125   G. Künzel
_______________________________________________________________
Advance            147          92         160   S. Ullrich
Wa11081-81 (A1)    116          82         141   S. Ullrich
_______________________________________________________________
Morex               10          92         163   S. Ullrich
Wa11094-81 (Mol)   105          73         144   S. Ullrich
_______________________________________________________________
Hazen              144          79         182   S. Ullrich
Wa16228-85         102          85         120   S. Ullrich
_______________________________________________________________
Akashiniriki       102          65         157   K. Sato
OUM 131             44          25         176   K. Sato
OUM 148             89          38         234   K. Sato
_______________________________________________________________
Kogenmugi          124          73         170   K. Sato
OUM 309            113          55         205   K. Sato
_______________________________________________________________
Bonus              184          90         204   H.E.B. Larsson
lax-82             139          76         183   H.E.B. Larsson
_______________________________________________________________
Foma               174          72         242   H.E.B. Larsson
lax-237            158          76         208   H.E.B. Larsson
_______________________________________________________________
Gull               152          65         234   U. Lundqvist
ert-a^6            110          64         172   U. Lundqvist
_______________________________________________________________
Bonus              184          90         204   U. Lundqvist
ert-i^27            93          29         321   U. Lundqvist
ert-ii^79           62          39         159   U. Lundqvist
ert-j^31           111          52         213   U. Lundqvist
ert-m^34            90          59         153   U. Lundqvist
ert-p^44           138          45         307   U. Lundqvist
ert-t^55            42          24         175   U. Lundqvist
ert-u^56            86          42         205   U. Lundqvist
ari-i^38            96          42         229   U. Lundqvist
ari-l^3             85          51         167   U. Lundqvist
ari-o^40            58          40         145   U. Lundqvist
_______________________________________________________________
Master Dominant +) 141          86         164   R.I. Wolfe
Z 93096-1       +)  93          49         190   R.I. Wolfe
Z 93103         +)  84          51         165   R.I. Wolfe
Z 93 108-1      +)  87          45         193   R.I. Wolfe
_______________________________________________________________

+) sister lines of '3.1msg5MM' (uz mutant) and 'Chr3 Mult. Rec.'
(parental line), listed in Franckoviak and Pecio (1992)